First, a small shed construction
1. When selecting large-scale cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, the construction shed should be selected for convenient transportation, sunny leeward, high dry terrain (advantageous for winter insulation), convenient drainage and irrigation, open space, well-ventilated place, and stay away from chicken sheds. And garbage sites to avoid causing pests and diseases.
2. The specifications of the small arch shed and the construction of the arch shed are 2.5m wide, 40-60m long, and 1.5m high in the middle. Two boring beds are made longitudinally in the shed. The bed is 1m wide and 50cm in the middle is used as a walkway. The bottom is dug 40cm deep and the excavated soil is placed on the bed. Leave 50cm in the middle of the two small arches as a walkway or drainage ditch. Use bamboo or bamboo with a diameter of 2-3cm as the arch skeleton, spaced 1m apart, and connect the middle and the two sides respectively to reinforce the scaffolds. In areas with severe weather, the middle can be used. Set 1.2m high columns on both sides of the walkway. Cover the thick film on the arch, when the film is covered, three films should be used. The bottom of the two sides should be covered with a 1m wide film, the lower part should be buried in the soil 20cm, and the upper 30cm and the middle 3.5m wide film should be impressed into a tile shape. . When ventilating, ventilate the bottom vent and open the gap between the two membranes to open the waist. The two ends of the shed are sealed with three films respectively, and the upper, middle and lower films can be opened respectively for ventilation. Corn stalks or sorghum stalks are standing on both sides of the shed, and wheat straw is covered in the middle.
Second, the cultivation techniques
1. Arrangement of production season Meteorological factors in the small arch shed change relatively quickly and are easily affected by external weather conditions. Therefore, choosing a good cultivation season can save labor and time, as well as increase production and stabilize production. According to the weather conditions in Zhoukou City, the stockpiling should be from the end of July to the end of August. The sowing should be in mid-August-September and the mushroom collection in October-December. This climate is more suitable for the growth and development of Agaricus bisporus. At the same time, in order to ensure the temperature requirement during the later growth period of Agaricus bisporus, low-temperature varieties should be selected during cultivation.
2. The secondary fermentation method is a prerequisite for the growth of Agaricus bisporus. The choice of a good formula for scientific composting to increase its conversion rate is the basis for the high yield and stable yield of Agaricus bisporus. The formulation of the culture material is best to choose the natural formula of manure culture: straw or straw 1000kg, manure (chicken manure and pig manure) 1000kg, superphosphate 20-25kg, gypsum powder 15-20kg, quicklime 20kg, urea 10kg, grass ash 20kg.
(1) The first fermentation (pre-fermentation) Wet or immerse the wheat straw first, so that the moisture content reaches about 70%, and the manure should be dried, broken in advance, heap stuffy for 2-3 days, and spray insecticide. The material is usually stacked into a rectangle, 1.8-2.0m wide, 1.5-1.8m high, and the top is a turtleback shape. First stack a layer of wheat straw, thickness 20cm, then spread a layer of manure and accessories, after a layer of wheat straw layer of manure and accessories, build the pile to the desired height. From the 3rd floor, depending on the condition of water, add enough water to the side of the pile, generally less on the lower layer and more on the upper layer. The top floor is covered with dry wheat straw or straw curtains. In the rainy weather, plastic film should be placed on it and it should be removed after rain to facilitate ventilation. On the 6th day of the construction of the reactor, the first tumbling was performed, and the second tumbling was performed five days later. Afterwards, the evacuation was performed once every 3-4 days for a total of 4-5 times. When turning, the top, outer and bottom materials must be turned to the middle, and the middle of the pile should be turned to the upper, outer and bottom layers.
(2) Secondary Fermentation (Post-fermentation) In order to prevent the presence of bacteria and eggs in the shed, a large number of pests and diseases are caused, and the shed should be disinfected 1-2 times before feeding. First, 800 times of phoxim-emulsifiable oil was sprayed on the shed to kill the eggs of the subterranean insects, and then it was fumigated and sterilized with 0.5 kg of formaldehyde solution every 20 m2. The method is to put coal fire in the shed, plus 1kg of water per 1kg of formaldehyde heating fumigation, after opening the ventilation vents, no formaldehyde odor to feed. After the first fermentation, the raw materials were rapidly transferred to a squatter bed (which should be completed within one day). The high temperature of the season and the temperature of the plastic shed were used to rapidly increase the temperature in the shed to 50-55°C. This temperature is maintained for 3-5 days and secondary fermentation is carried out. After the completion of the large ventilation and cooling, until the temperature dropped below 28 °C, adjust the pH and moisture content to the appropriate, you can spread the raw material on the trampoline, material thickness 20-25cm, to be broadcast.
3. Seeding and sowing after sowing management, the use of wheat strains. The sowing method is as follows: 2 bottles of bacteria are used per m2, spread 1/3 of the bacteria on the surface of the culture material, and then gently shake with a clean manure fork, so that the strains fall into the middle layer of the culture medium, and then 2/3 of the strains Sprinkle on the surface, flatten the material surface, compact appropriately, and then cover the newspaper or plastic film on the bed surface. After sowing, we must strengthen the management of temperature and humidity, prompting the rapid development of bacteria. By adding coverings, watering, ventilation and other measures, the material temperature is controlled at 20-26°C, the relative humidity of the air is 60%-80%, and the pH value is controlled at about 7 (lime water can be sprayed for adjustment). When the hyphae eats 1/2, the material should be shaken for ventilation to promote mycelial growth. After 20 days, the hyphae can be substantially covered with the culture material.
4. Manage the earth covering material after covering the soil and covering soil according to the following formula: Fertilizer 4m3, adding 0.5-1m3 of coal residue, superphosphate 17kg, gypsum 17kg, fermentation wheat bran 50kg, lime 15kg, add water amount. In the 3 days before the cover soil, various materials were mixed well, stacked with 800 dichlorvos while spraying, covered with plastic film for 24 hours, and then pre-wet with lime to adjust the pH to 7.5-8. When the mycelium is full of 2/3 of the material, select the sunny cover soil in time, soak it in 2% lime water with the Jung Shing coarse soil. After the surface of the soil particles is dried, cover the material with a thickness of 3cm. Within 3-4 days, use a light spray method to adjust the humidity. After 5-7 days, the mycelium climbs on the coarse soil and covers the fine soil and thickness 1.5cm. After 2-3 days, use a light spray and spray method to adjust the humidity. Big ventilation. Keep the temperature 22-25 °C, air relative humidity 80%-85%.
5. Fruiting and fruiting period management 15-20 days after covering the soil, the mycelial growth should be controlled and the formation of primordia should be promoted. The temperature is controlled at 14-18°C, and the relative humidity of the air is maintained at about 90%. At this time, mushroom water should be re-sprayed. 2-3 times per day, 0.8 kg of water per m2 should be appropriate. Even spray twice at night, large ventilation after spraying water. The temperature should be controlled at 15-20°C and the fruit bodies formed after 3-5 days. When the fruiting body grows to the size of soybeans, spray water once more. Spray water quality spray method using light spray, keep the soil can be pinched flat, do not crush, sticky hand prevail. When the fruiting body grows to 2-4cm, it can be harvested. After harvesting, stop the water for 1-2 days to clear the bed, then adjust the humidity, and spray the tide. In order to make fruiting bodies grow robustly, produce high yields, and increase disease resistance, appropriate fertilizers should be applied during the growth of fruit bodies. Mushrooms, strong and healthy, No. 1 and No. 2 are preferred.
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