The study found new cells that produce insulin, a new hope for curing diabetes
April 06, 2017 Source: medicalxpress
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas of type 1 diabetes die and cannot be replaced. Without these beta cells, the body loses its ability to control blood sugar. A few days ago, researchers at the University of California have discovered new ways to regenerate beta cells, and have a deep understanding of the mechanisms behind diabetes and healthy metabolism.
The head of the research team said: "Over the years, we have seen continuous improvement in diabetes management and treatment, but we still can't cure diabetes. If we want to cure a disease, we must understand its state under normal conditions."
The full paper was published in the April 4 issue of Cellular Metabolism.
The researchers used laboratory mouse and human tissue cells to study how islets in the pancreas control and regulate blood glucose levels. Both mouse and human tissues include beta cells, which can be used to detect glucose and secrete insulin. In addition, other alpha cells are included for the production of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar. The opposite function of insulin and glucagon allows the body to regulate blood sugar levels and store nutrients.
The formation of type 1 diabetes is divided into two parts. First, the beta cells are killed by their own immune system, and then they are unable to regenerate. Therefore, if you want to cure type 1 diabetes, you have to solve these two problems.
In the traditional concept, other beta cell divisions can produce new beta cells, but now with a new high-tech microscope, the researchers found that another type of cell scattered around the islet looks like immature beta cells.
These new cells can make insulin, but no receptor detects glucose, so it cannot be used as a complete beta cell. However, the team observed that alpha cells in islets can be transformed into immature beta cells and then grown into true beta cells.
"The plasticity of this discovery is very strong."
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The researchers said that this is a very exciting result for three reasons. First, the beta cells are brand new and have never been found in mice and humans. Secondly, newly discovered beta cells can be replenished. Beta cells killed by the immune system; finally, understanding the development of these cells can help develop stem cell therapies for the treatment of diabetes. Stem cells have great potential to develop into other cells. So far, scientists have tried to use stem cells to produce beta cells. The experiment has made a huge leap, but it has not fully exploited its full potential, so it can only be said that it is still in an immature stage.
A comprehensive understanding of islet cells can also help us to further understand type 2 diabetes. Although beta cells of type 2 diabetes do not die, they become less active and no longer secrete and release insulin.
This finding by the research team has been widely supported. In recent years, the concept of plastically regenerating beta cells using islets has provided interesting possibilities, and the team's experiment not only allows us to see the plasticity of islet cells, but also The path of these cells to change their identity was discovered, and these studies combined with previous findings can further understand the mechanism of diabetes and develop a more complete treatment plan for diabetes.
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