In plastic greenhouses and strawberry cultivation in solar greenhouses, the incidence of malformed fruits is high, affecting the yield and quality of strawberries, thereby reducing economic benefits. The causes and preventive measures are now described as follows:
First, the reasons for the occurrence
1, pollen's ambiguity. The pollen with germinating power is pollen pollen, and the pollen that cannot germinate is pollen pollen. Pollen pods have a high rate of malformation.
2. Visit fewer flowers and insects. Strawberry is an insect-mediated flower and needs to be pollinated by insects. The common visiting insects are bees and flower flies. Sunlight greenhouses and plastic greenhouses have fewer flowers and insects, which cannot meet the demand for strawberry pollination.
3, temperature. Strawberries have strict temperature requirements during the flowering period. Below 0 degrees or above 40 degrees, they will affect the process of pollination and fertilization, affecting the development of seeds and causing them to produce abnormal fruit.
4 humidity. Strawberry is more sensitive to humidity during flowering, and less than 20% or higher than 80% affects pollination and fertilization. At night, when the mulch is not covered, the relative humidity of the air is mostly 85%-95%. The shed film adopts the ordinary thin film to form the water drop more, the drop of the water drop in the shed indoors will directly affect the pollination and the fertilization.
5, flowering spray. Strawberry flower spraying. Spraying strawberry flowering, the proportion of abnormal fruit increased significantly. Because the liquid hinders the pollen from sprouting and pollinates insects.
6, light. Strawberry pollen is formed within 14 days before flowering. If the light is insufficient during this period, the pollen germination rate will be reduced, affecting fertilization and producing malformed fruit.
Second, preventive measures
1, rational allocation of pollination varieties.
2, flowering auxiliary pollination. In greenhouses and plastic greenhouses, flowering bees or artificially assisted pollination during flowering can significantly reduce deformed fruit and significantly increase yield and fruit quality.
3, control flowering temperature and humidity. The use of mulching mulch film, film and PVC film longevity no dripping film, timely ventilation and other measures to reduce the temperature inside the shed, 25-28 during the day, at least 5 degrees at night is appropriate.
4, timely spraying. Before flowering and beeing, pests and diseases should be completely prevented. Spraying during flowering period affects pollen germination and also affects pollination. If pests and diseases occur during flowering, they should be used as little as possible when the flowering equivalent is small. Before the spraying, the beehive must be moved out. After spraying for 7 days, it should be moved back to the shed.
5, enhance the lighting in the shed. First of all, choose PVC with high light transmittance for longevity and no dripping film, and regularly clean the dust on the film surface to increase the light transmittance. Secondly, under the premise of guaranteeing temperature, grasshoppers cover the cover early and increase the lighting time. Third, an additional light curtain is attached to the north side of the shed. Fourth, a 60 watt bulb is hung every 3 meters in the shed and artificial light is provided when the light is insufficient.
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