With the continuous improvement of China's economic level, people's requirements for food are getting higher and higher. The common food in the daily life of potato people is also a major economic crop in China. It is rich in nutrients and is very helpful to human health. At the same time, the potato has strong adaptability to the planting environment and high yield, so it is very popular among farmers. The most common problem in potato planting is pests and diseases. In order to continuously improve the level of potato cultivation and improve its quality and yield, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of potato pests and diseases. In the traditional potato planting process, chemical pesticides are generally used. Pests and diseases are being controlled. At the same time, due to long-term heavy planting in the planting process, the pests and diseases of potatoes are not effectively controlled, but they are in a state of repeated high incidence. In the potato planting process, the scientific and rational control of pests and diseases will be strengthened, and the potato pest control methods will be comprehensively applied to improve the potato production level.
1 Major diseases and pests of potatoes
The most common diseases in potato planting include fungal diseases and viral diseases. Among them, fungal diseases include early blight, late blight, scab, bacterial diseases such as ring rot and bacterial wilt, and viral diseases include mosaic disease. , leaf rolling disease, viroid-like diseases, etc. Common pests include tuber moths, nematodes, ground tigers, crickets, potato beetles, aphids, especially aphids, which have strong reproductive capacity and are mainly harmful to potato leaves and shoots, and are also the main carriers for transmitting viruses. It is a major hazard in the potato planting process and a pest that requires major control.
2 Methods for controlling pests and diseases in potato cultivation
2.1 Agricultural control technology
In the prevention and control of potato pests and diseases, the commonly used control methods include chemical pesticide control, biological control, and agricultural control. The traditional methods used in the cultivation process are chemical pesticides, especially for some farmers who are not aware of pest control. In the process of planting, pests and diseases are not controlled in time. When pests and diseases develop to a certain scale, the corresponding methods are adopted for control, and the difficulty of treatment will increase, which has a serious impact on potato production. Agricultural control is a commonly used control technology. By controlling and managing the potato planting process, the potato planting level is improved, thereby improving the potato's prevention level of pests and diseases. For example, in the potato planting process, some varieties with higher disease resistance are selected. For example, the detoxified potato seed is a common species in the potato planting process, which can effectively prevent late blight and viral diseases, and carry out the varieties during the planting process. Quarantine, select high-quality varieties for planting. In addition, in the planting process, management should also be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. For example, when selecting the soil for potato planting, it is necessary to choose acidic soil, especially to select some sandy land with good porosity, good permeability, fattening and fertilizer conservation. , can effectively prevent scab disease. For example, in the process of potato planting, it is necessary to make a reasonable rotation. Potato is a crop that is not suitable for continuous cropping. It is suitable for rotation with cereals and soybeans such as corn and wheat. It is not suitable for rotation with solanaceous vegetables. Rotation control can reduce the number of germs and harmful insects.
2.2 Control of drug control technology
Drug therapy is one of the most commonly used methods. It is also the traditional control method adopted by farmers. In the process of potato planting, it is necessary to control the drug control methods, control the dosage, concentration and use of drugs, so as to achieve different pests and diseases. Effective control. For example, the control of potato aphids can be carried out by using preventive drugs. Usually, the concentration of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3g/60kg per 667m land is sprayed or the concentration of 40% dimethoate 50~100m per 667m land. L, can effectively control aphids. For example, in the early prevention and treatment of early blight, it can be sprayed at 500-800 times of sterilizing treasure, 600-800 times of ketone, and 500-800 times of zinc granule in the early stage of the disease. The interval between each spraying is 5~ 7d, spray 2~3 times each time. When controlling late blight, it is found that the central diseased plant should be removed immediately, and lime should be applied on the ground. At the beginning of the disease, the concentration of 64% antivirus WP WP 500 times and 58% metalaxyl can be used. The manganese-zinc wettable powder is sprayed 600~800 times to effectively control the late blight. In the process of drug prevention and control, the concentration and dosage of the drug should be controlled to prevent the improper growth of the drug from affecting the growth of the potato.
2.3 Strengthen the application of biological control technology
In the process of potato pest control, it is also necessary to combine biological control methods to effectively prevent and control pests and diseases. The biological control has less harm to potatoes, and basically does not produce drug residues, which is in line with the concept of green planting. It can cultivate natural enemies of potato pests and diseases, use natural enemies to kill various pests; use the characteristics of pests to take biological measures for prevention and control. For example, tigers and crickets are the most common pests in potato planting, and they adopt grasses such as corn and millet. As a cornice, the crop can destroy the living environment of the tiger and the cockroach and effectively prevent such pests.
3 Conclusion
Potato is an important crop in agricultural production in China. It is a kind of crop with high economical and high resistance. In the process of potato planting, effective prevention of pests and diseases should be strengthened. It is necessary to actively strengthen the comprehensive utilization of various pest control methods. Adhere to prevention and prevention, and improve the level of pest control in potato.
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