Community-scale beef cattle breeding buildings must take into account factors such as the purpose of feeding, the size of the breeding site, and the cattle breeding facilities. When large-scale feeding, it is necessary to consider saving labor; when small-scale feeding, it is necessary to observe the state of each cow in detail in order to give full play to the physiological characteristics of cattle and increase economic efficiency. The beef cattle breeding community usually divides an empty area from the local townships and villages. Individuals invest in building cattle farms, raise them separately, and collectively invest in establishing veterinary rooms or service stations. This will not only facilitate the prevention of epidemics, but also prevent environmental pollution, improve the level of feeding and management and product quality. Although the form of beef cattle breeding communities in different places is different, the following principles should be followed:
First, the choice of residential site: The selection of beef cattle breeding area site should follow the principle of large-scale breeding cattle farm selection site. If the conditions are not met, it can also be adapted to local conditions, make full use of local free space, but must ensure convenient transportation to facilitate the entry and exit of feed and cattle.
Second, the form of the community: beef cattle breeding area mainly consists of self-cultivation, shelf cattle fattening, self-cultivation and self-cultivation and shelf-fat fattening three forms. Self-propagation and self-cultivation can make full use of roughage and reduce the cost of rearing, but it has a long feeding period and a slow turnover of funds. It is suitable for areas with poor economic conditions. The shelf cattle fattening investment is large, the demand for concentrate feed is large, the feeding cost is high, but the feeding cycle is short, the capital turnover is fast, and the economic benefit is high. The combination of self-cultivation and self-cultivation and shelf-fat fattening can make full use of the advantages of the above two, but the feeding and management are complicated.
Third, the layout and design of the community: The layout and design requirements of the beef cattle breeding community are similar to that of a large-scale cattle farm. It should also include a disinfection pool, a veterinary room, a production cowshed, a barn, a feed room, a silo, and an ammoxidation pool. Storage facilities for manure storage facilities, manure treatment facilities, and equipment for loading cattle, etc., but the division of living areas and production areas is not very clear. Cow houses are generally single-row type, with 6 to 12 rooms each, all of which belong to 1-2 households. 1- Two are feed rooms and dormitories, and the rest are cowsheds. Each cowhouse is reared with 3-5 heads. The division of basic cowhouses, calving houses, yak breeding houses, bred cow houses and fattening cow houses is not obvious. Silo and ammoxidation pools are funded and built by the cattle raising households on a feeding scale. Generally, two pools are combined. This can save investment and improve equipment utilization. Silage tanks and ammoxidation tanks are generally located on both sides of the cowshed for easy retrieving.
IV. Construction of residential cattle houses: The construction of cattle houses in beef cattle breeding areas is similar to that of large-scale cattle farms, but the requirements are low and local materials can be fully utilized to reduce construction costs. In warm-weather areas, simple shelters can be built to save a lot of investment; in the hot summer and cold winter climate areas, more stable open or semi-open cowsheds should be built, such a barn summer It can ensure good ventilation. In the winter, the cowshed is closed with plastic sheets and mats to facilitate insulation.
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